The Jan. 1 effect on your taxes
Happy New Tax Year!
The beginning of a new year is momentous in many ways, not the least of which is how it affects your taxes. For most of us, Jan. 1 means that the previous year's taxes are set. What we earned last year is what we'll owe tax on. And once the calendar page flipped to January, ways to cut that tax bill were dramatically reduced.
But the actual date of Jan. 1, 2009, also plays a big role in the 2008 taxes of many filers. The IRS use of the first day of the year as a benchmark could, depending on your individual circumstances, affect the tax rate you owe, the form you'll send in or even whether you have to file at all.
IRS age and filing requirements: Let's start with whether you have to file a 2008 return. There are many factors that come into play here, primarily how much you earned. Make over a certain amount, and the IRS wants some type of 1040.
But if you were 65 or older at the end of the tax year, you generally can make more money before you have to file. And the IRS has a birthday and tax present for some older taxpayers.
You are considered 65 on the day before your 65th birthday. So if your 65th birthday is today, Jan. 1, 2009, in the eyes of the IRS you were age 65 in 2008.
This table details the earning amounts at which tax-filing kicks in for 2008 returns.
| If your filing status is: | And at the end of 2008 you were: |
Then file a return if your gross income was at least: |
| Single | under 65 | $8,950 |
| 65 or older | $10,300 | |
| Married filing jointly | under 65 (both spouses) | $17,900 |
| under 65 (one spouse) | $18,950 | |
| 65 or older (both spouses) | $20,000 | |
| Married filing separately | any age | $3,500 |
| Head of Household |
under 65 | $11,500 |
| 65 or older | $12,850 | |
| Qualifying widow or widower with a dependent child |
under 65 | $14,400 |
| 65 or older | $15,450 |
By being (or considered) age 65 or older in 2008, you also might be able to claim the tax credit for the elderly or disabled.
IRS age and your retirement savings: The first day of this new year also comes into play in connection with required minimum distributions from certain retirement accounts, such as traditional IRAs and some company pension plans. These mandatory withdrawals are triggered once you turn 70½.
The IRS says the rule is to make sure that most of your retirement benefits are paid to you during your lifetime, rather than to your beneficiaries. Right. And it's just a coincidence that once these payments are made, the IRS, in most cases, gets a piece of the payouts.
You do, however, get a bit of timing leeway for your first required distribution. You have until April 1 of the year that follows the calendar year of your 70½ "birthday."
Here comes the figuring, and the benefit, for some folks born past midyear. You reach age 70½, says the IRS, on the date that is six calendar months after your 70th birthday. So if your 70th birthday was on June 30, 2008, you were age 70½ on Dec. 30, 2008. That means you have until April 1, 2009, to take your RMD. And yes, that's still required because recent RMD changes didn't affect 2008 payouts.
But if your RMD-relevant birthday was July 1, 2008, you go right to Jan. 1, 2009 to celebrate your 70½ birthday. That would mean, in normal tax years, that your first RMD could be as late as April 1, 2010. Of course, since RMDs are waived for 2009, this figuring is not as big an issue. But if you're turning 70½ in the last half of this year, keep this time shifting in mind.
Remember, too, that your contributions to traditional IRAs also are prohibited in and after the years you turn 70½ and the half birthday date shifts also apply here.
IRS age and your tax return: But being deemed a bit older could hurt not only your self esteem, but also could affect your choice of return.
For example, if you want to file the easiest return, Form 1040EZ, you (and your better half is you're married and file a joint return) have to be younger than 65 at the end of 2008. No problem. You made your grand appearance on this mortal coil on Jan. 1, 1944, meaning you get in under the EZ filing requirement wire.
Wrong. While your actual chronological age on Dec. 31, 2008, was 64, the IRS again considers you to be age 65 for all of last year if your birth date is 1/1/1944. And that means you can't use the 2008 Form 1040EZ this filing season.
IRS age and the kiddie tax: It's not just older taxpayers who have to some calendar calculations. Age and birth dates are crucial to determining whether the kiddie tax affects your family.
This tax law aims to prevent parents from shifting investment income to their children in lower tax brackets. In recent years, the tax laws have been tweaked so that the kiddie tax, which effectively means that at least part of a child's investment income might be taxed at the parents' presumably higher tax rate, applies to older kids.
For 2008 tax purposes, the higher kiddie tax rate rules apply to children who had unearned income of more than $1,800. That money is taxed at their parents' rate if the young, dependent investor last year was 18 or younger or a full-time student younger than age 24.
In these kiddie tax cases, the IRS says, "A child born on January 1, 1991, is considered to be age 18 at the end of 2008; a child born on January 1, 1990, is considered to be age 19 at the end of 2008; a child born on January 1, 1985, is considered to be age 24 at the end of 2008."
Whew! Sorry for all the math to start off 1-1-09. I know it's a lot to wrap your head around, especially if you enjoyed an overly libatious celebration last night. And it's just these kind of considerations that argue for using tax preparation software.
But I did want to mention all these age considerations so you wouldn't be surprised if your age, or that of your dependents, comes into play when you get around to filing your 2008 tax return.
That figuring and filing, though, can obviously wait. Now I'll let you get back to your New Year's Day college football games, where the yardage and scoring computations are a bit easier.
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